Spring与SpringBoot

Spring能做什么

spring的能力

Spring的生态

https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot

  • Web开发
  • 数据访问
  • 安全控制
  • 分布式
  • 消息服务
  • 移动开发
  • 批处理

Spring5重大升级

响应式编程

内部源码设计

基于Java8的一些新特性,如:接口默认实现。重新设计源码架构。

为什么用SpringBoot

Spring Boot makes it easy to create stand-alone, production-grade Spring based Applications that you can “just run”.

能快速创建出生产级别的Spring应用

SpringBoot优点

● Create stand-alone Spring applications
○ 创建独立Spring应用
● Embed Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow directly (no need to deploy WAR files)
○ 内嵌web服务器
● Provide opinionated ‘starter’ dependencies to simplify your build configuration
○ 自动starter依赖,简化构建配置
● Automatically configure Spring and 3rd party libraries whenever possible
○ 自动配置Spring以及第三方功能
● Provide production-ready features such as metrics, health checks, and externalized configuration
○ 提供生产级别的监控,健康检查及外部化配置
● Absolutely no code generation and no requirement for XML configuration
○ 无代码生成,无需编写XML

SpringBoot是整合Spring技术栈的一站式框架
SpringBoot是简化Spring技术栈的快速开发脚手架

SpringBoot缺点

  • 人称版本帝,迭代快,需要时刻关注变化
  • 封装太深,内部原理复杂,不容易精通

时代背景

微服务

James Lewis and Martin Fowler (2014) 提出微服务完整概念。https://martinfowler.com/microservices/
In short, the microservice architectural style is an approach to developing a single application as a suite of small services, each running in its own process and communicating with lightweight mechanisms, often an HTTP resource API. These services are built around business capabilities and independently deployable by fully automated deployment machinery. There is a bare minimum of centralized management of these services, which may be written in different programming languages and use different data storage technologies.— James Lewis and Martin Fowler (2014)

  • 微服务是一种架构风格
  • 一个应用拆分为一组小型服务
  • 每个服务运行在自己的进程内,也就是可独立部署和升级
  • 服务之间使用轻量级HTTP交互
  • 服务围绕业务功能拆分
  • 可以由全自动部署机制独立部署
  • 去中心化,服务自治。服务可以使用不同的语言,不同的存储技术

分布式

分布式的困难

  • 远程调用
  • 服务发现
  • 负载均衡
  • 服务容错
  • 配置管理
  • 服务监控
  • 链路追踪
  • 日志管理
  • 任务调度
  • ……

分布式的解决

  • SpringBoot + SpringCloud

云原生

原生应用如何上云。 Cloud Native

上云的困难

  • 服务自愈
  • 弹性伸缩
  • 服务隔离
  • 自动化部署
  • 灰度发布
  • 流量治理
  • ……

上云的解决

如何学习SpringBoot

官网文档架构

查看版本新特性;https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/wiki#release-notes

SpringBoot2入门

系统要求

  • Java 8 & 兼容java14 .
  • Maven 3.3+
  • idea 2019.1.2

maven设置

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<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>
</mirrors>

<profiles>
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>

HelloWorld

需求:浏览发送/hello请求,响应 Hello,Spring Boot 2

创建maven工程

引入依赖

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<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

创建主程序

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@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class,args);
}
}

编写业务

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@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String handle01(){
return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!";
}
}

测试

直接运行main方法

简化配置

application.properties

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server.port=8888

简化部署

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<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

把项目打成jar包,直接在目标服务器执行即可。

注意点:

  • 取消掉cmd的快速编辑模式

了解自动配置原理

SpringBoot特点

依赖管理

  • 父项目做依赖管理
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<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
  • 开发导入starter场景启动器
  1. 见到很多 spring-boot-starter-就某种场景
  2. 只要引入starter,这个场景的所有常规需要的依赖我们都自动引入
  3. SpringBoot所有支持的场景
  4. https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using-spring-boot.html#using-boot-starter
  5. 见到的 *-spring-boot-starter: 第三方为我们提供的简化开发的场景启动器。
  6. 所有场景启动器最底层的依赖
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
  • 无需关注版本号,自动版本仲裁
  1. 引入依赖默认都可以不写版本
  2. 引入非版本仲裁的jar,要写版本号。
  • 可以修改默认版本号
  1. 查看spring-boot-dependencies里面规定当前依赖的版本 用的 key。
  2. 在当前项目里面重写配置
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<properties>
<mysql.version>5.1.43</mysql.version>
</properties>

自动配置

  • 自动配好Tomcat
  1. 引入Tomcat依赖。
  2. 配置Tomcat
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
  • 自动配好SpringMVC
  1. 引入SpringMVC全套组件
  2. 自动配好SpringMVC常用组件(功能)
  • 自动配好Web常见功能,如:字符编码问题
  1. SpringBoot帮我们配置好了所有web开发的常见场景
  • 默认的包结构
  1. 主程序所在包及其下面的所有子包里面的组件都会被默认扫描进来
  2. 无需以前的包扫描配置
  3. 想要改变扫描路径,@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages=”com.atguigu”)
  4. 或者@ComponentScan 指定扫描路径
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@SpringBootApplication
等同于
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan("com.atguigu.boot")
  • 各种配置拥有默认值
  1. 默认配置最终都是映射到某个类上,如:MultipartProperties
  2. 配置文件的值最终会绑定每个类上,这个类会在容器中创建对象
  • 按需加载所有自动配置项
  1. 非常多的starter
  2. 引入了哪些场景这个场景的自动配置才会开启
  3. SpringBoot所有的自动配置功能都在 spring-boot-autoconfigure 包里面
  • ……

容器功能

组件添加

@Configuration

  • 基本使用
  • Full模式与Lite模式
  1. 示例
  2. 最佳实战
  3. 配置 类组件之间无依赖关系用Lite模式加速容器启动过程,减少判断
  4. 配置类组件之间有依赖关系,方法会被调用得到之前单实例组件,用Full模式
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/**
* 1,配置类里面使用@Bean标注在方法上给容器注册组件,默认也是单实例的
* 2,配置类本身也是组件
* 3,proxyBeanMethods:代理bean的方法
* Full(proxyBeanMethods = true),【保证每个@Bean方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是单实例的】
* Lite(proxyBeanMethods = false)【每个@Bean方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是新创建的】
* 组件依赖必须使用Full模式默认。其他默认是否Lite模式
*/
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
public class MyConfig {

/**
* Full:外部无论对配置类中的这个组件注册方法调用多少次获取的都是之前注册容器中的单实例对象
* @return
*/
@Bean //给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值,就是组件在容器中的实例
public User user01(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
//user组件依赖了Pet组件
zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
return zhangsan;
}

@Bean("tom")
public Pet tomcatPet(){
return new Pet("tomcat");
}
}

@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan("com.atguigu.boot")
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {

//1,返回我们IOC容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);

//2,查看容器里面的组件
String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}

//3,从容器中获取组件

Pet tom01 = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
Pet tom02 = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
System.out.println("组件:"+(tom01 == tom02));

//4,com.atguigu.boot.config.MyConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$51f1e1ca@1654a892
MyConfig bean = run.getBean(MyConfig.class);
System.out.println(bean);

//如果@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)代理对象调用方法。SpringBoot总会检查这个组件是否在容器中有。
//保持组件单实例
User user = bean.user01();
User user1 = bean.user01();
System.out.println(user == user1);
User user01 = run.getBean("user01", User.class);
Pet tom = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
System.out.println("用户的宠物:"+(user01.getPet() == tom));
}
}

@Bean,@Component,@Controller,@Service,@Repository

@ComponentScan,@Import

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 * 4@Import({User.class, DBHelper.class})
* 给容器中自动创建出这两个类型的组件,默认组件的名字就是全类名
*/
@Import({User.class, DBHelper.class})
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
public class MyConfig {
}

@Import 高级用法: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1gW411W7wy?p=8

@Conditional

条件装配:满足Conditional指定的条件,则进行组件注入

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@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
//@ConditionalOnBean(name = "tom")
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "tom")
public class MyConfig {
/**
* Full:外部无论对配置类中的这个组件注册方法调用多少次获取的都是之前注册容器中的单实例对象
* @return
*/
@Bean //给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值,就是组件在容器中的实例
public User user01(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
//user组件依赖了Pet组件
zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
return zhangsan;
}

@Bean("tom22")
public Pet tomcatPet(){
return new Pet("tomcat");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
//1,返回我们IOC容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);

//2,查看容器里面的组件
String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}

boolean tom = run.containsBean("tom");
System.out.println("容器中Tom组件:"+tom);

boolean user01 = run.containsBean("user01");
System.out.println("容器中user01组件:"+user01);

boolean tom22 = run.containsBean("tom22");
System.out.println("容器中tom22组件:"+tom22);
}

原生配置文件引入

@ImportResource

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<bean id="haha" class="com.atguigu.boot.bean.User">
<property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="age" value="18"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="hehe" class="com.atguigu.boot.bean.Pet">
<property name="name" value="tomcat"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
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@ImportResource("classpath:beans.xml")
public class MyConfig {}

======================测试=================
boolean haha = run.containsBean("haha");
boolean hehe = run.containsBean("hehe");
System.out.println("haha:"+haha);//true
System.out.println("hehe:"+hehe);//true

配置绑定

如何使用Java读取到properties文件中的内容,并且把它封装到JavaBean中,以供随时使用。

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public class getProperties {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
Properties pps = new Properties();
pps.load(new FileInputStream("a.properties"));
Enumeration enum1 = pps.propertyNames();//得到配置文件的名字
while(enum1.hasMoreElements()) {
String strKey = (String) enum1.nextElement();
String strValue = pps.getProperty(strKey);
System.out.println(strKey + "=" + strValue);
//封装到JavaBean。
}
}
}

@ConfigurationProperties

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/**
* 只有在容器中的组件,才会拥有SpringBoot提供的强大功能
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car {

private String brand;
private Integer price;

public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}

public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}

public Integer getPrice() {
return price;
}

public void setPrice(Integer price) {
this.price = price;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car{" +
"brand='" + brand + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
}

@EnableConfigurationProperties + @ConfigurationProperties

@Component + @ConfigurationProperties

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@EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class)
//1,开启Car配置绑定功能
//2,把这个Car这个组件自动注册到容器中
public class MyConfig {
}

自动配置原理入门

引导加载自动配置类

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@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication{}

@SpringBootConfiguration

@Configuration。代表当前是一个配置类

@ComponentScan

指定扫描哪些,Spring注解

@EnableAutoConfiguration

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@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}

@AutoConfigurationPackage

自动配置包?指定了默认的包规则

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@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)  //给容器中导入一个组件
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}

//利用Registrar给容器中导入一系列组件
//将指定的一个包下的所有组件导入进来?MainApplication 所在包下。

@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

  • 利用getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);给容器中批量导入一些组件
  • 调用List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类
  • 利用工厂加载 Map> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader);得到所有的组件
  • 从META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件。默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar包里面也有META-INF/spring.factories

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文件里面写死了spring-boot一启动就要给容器中加载的所有配置类
spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar/META-INF/spring.factories
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

按需开启自动配置项

  • 虽然我们127个场景的所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载。xxxxAutoConfiguration
  • 按照条件装配规则(@Conditional),最终会按需配置。

修改默认配置

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@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) //容器中有这个类型组件
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) //容器中没有这个名字 multipartResolver 的组件
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
//给@Bean标注的方法传入了对象参数,这个参数的值就会从容器中找。
//SpringMVC multipartResolver。防止有些用户配置的文件上传解析器不符合规范
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
return resolver;
}
给容器中加入了文件上传解析器;

SpringBoot默认会在底层配好所有的组件。但是如果用户自己配置了以用户的优先

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@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {}

总结:

  • SpringBoot先加载所有的自动配置类 xxxxxAutoConfiguration
  • 每个自动配置类按照条件进行生效,默认都会绑定配置文件指定的值。xxxxProperties里面拿。xxxProperties和配置文件进行了绑定
  • 生效的配置类就会给容器中装配很多组件
  • 只要容器中有这些组件,相当于这些功能就有了
  • 定制化配置
  1. 用户直接自己@Bean替换底层的组件
  2. 用户去看这个组件是获取的配置文件什么值就去修改。

xxxxxAutoConfiguration —-> 组件 —-> xxxxProperties里面拿值 ——> application.properties

最佳实践

  • 引入场景依赖
  1. https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using-spring-boot.html#using-boot-starter
  • 查看自动配置了哪些(选做)
  1. 自己分析,引入场景对应的自动配置一般都生效了
  2. 配置文件中debug=true开启自动配置报告。Negative(不生效)\Positive(生效)
  • 是否需要修改
  1. 参照文档修改配置项 https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/appendix-application-properties.html#common-application-properties
  2. 自定义加入或者替换组件 @Bean,@Component……
  3. 自定义器 XXXXXCustomizer

开发小技巧

Lombok

简化JavaBean开发

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
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@NoArgsConstructor
//@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
public class User {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Pet pet;
public User(String name,Integer age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String handle01(@RequestParam("name") String name){

log.info("请求进来了....");

return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!"+"你好:"+name;
}
}

dev-tools

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

Spring Initailizr(项目初始化向导)

选择我们需要的开发场景

自动依赖引入

自动创建项目结构

自动编写好主配置类

配置文件

文件类型

properties

同以前的properties用法

yaml

简介

YAML 是 “YAML Ain’t Markup Language”(YAML 不是一种标记语言)的递归缩写。在开发的这种语言时,YAML 的意思其实是:”Yet Another Markup Language”(仍是一种标记语言)。 非常适合用来做以数据为中心的配置文件

基本语法

  • key: value;kv之间有空格
  • 大小写敏感
  • 使用缩进表示层级关系
  • 缩进不允许使用tab,只允许空格
  • 缩进的空格数不重要,只要相同层级的元素左对齐即可
  • ‘#’表示注释
  • 字符串无需加引号,如果要加,’’与””表示字符串内容 会被 转义/不转义

数据类型

  • 字面量:单个的,不可再分的值。date,boolean,string,number,null
  • 对象:键值对的集合。map,hash,set,object
  • 数组:一组按次序排列的值。array,list,queue

示例

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@Data
public class Person {
private String userName;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Integer age;
private Pet pet;
private String[] interests;
private List<String> animal;
private Map<String, Object> score;
private Set<Double> salarys;
private Map<String, List<Pet>> allPets;
}

@Data
public class Pet {
private String name;
private Double weight;
}
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# yaml表示以上对象
person:
userName: zhangsan
boss: false
birth: 2019/12/12 20:12:33
age: 18
pet:
name: tomcat
weight: 23.4
interests: [篮球,游泳]
animal:
- jerry
- mario
score:
english:
first: 30
second: 40
third: 50
math: [131,140,148]
chinese: {first: 128,second: 136}
salarys: [3999,4999.98,5999.99]
allPets:
sick:
- {name: tom}
- {name: jerry,weight: 47}
health: [{name: mario,weight: 47}]

配置提示

自定义的类和配置文件绑定一般没有提示。

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

Web开发

SpringMVC自动配置概览

Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with most applications.(大多场景我们都无需自定义配置)
The auto-configuration adds the following features on top of Spring’s defaults:

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
  • 内容协商视图解析器和BeanName视图解析器
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (covered later in this document)).
  • 静态资源(包括webjars)
  • Automatic registration of Converter, GenericConverter, and Formatter beans.
  • 自动注册 Converter,GenericConverter,Formatter
  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (covered later in this document).
  • 支持 HttpMessageConverters (后来我们配合内容协商理解原理)
  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (covered later in this document).
  • 自动注册 MessageCodesResolver (国际化用)
  • Static index.html support.
  • 静态index.html 页支持
  • Custom Favicon support (covered later in this document).
  • 自定义 Favicon
  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (covered later in this document).
  • 自动使用 ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer ,(DataBinder负责将请求数据绑定到JavaBean上)

If you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations (interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurer but without @EnableWebMvc.
不用@EnableWebMvc注解。使用 @Configuration + WebMvcConfigurer 自定义规则

If you want to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of type WebMvcRegistrations and use it to provide custom instances of those components.
声明 WebMvcRegistrations 改变默认底层组件

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc, or alternatively add your own @Configuration-annotated DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration as described in the Javadoc of @EnableWebMvc.
使用 @EnableWebMvc+@Configuration+DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 全面接管SpringMVC

简单功能分析

静态资源访问

静态资源目录

只要静态资源放在类路径下: called /static (or /public or /resources or /META-INF/resources
访问 : 当前项目根路径/ + 静态资源名

原理: 静态映射/**。
请求进来,先去找Controller看能不能处理。不能处理的所有请求又都交给静态资源处理器。静态资源也找不到则响应404页面

改变默认的静态资源路径

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spring:
mvc:
static-path-pattern: /res/**
resources:
static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]

静态资源访问前缀

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spring:
mvc:
static-path-pattern: /res/**

webjar

自动映射 /webjars/**
https://www.webjars.org/

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>

欢迎页支持

  • 静态资源路径下 index.html
  • 可以配置静态资源路径
  • 但是不可以配置静态资源的访问前缀。否则导致 index.html不能被默认访问
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spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致welcome page功能失效
resources:
static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]
  • controller能处理/index

    自定义 Favicon

favicon.ico 放在静态资源目录下即可。

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spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致 Favicon 功能失效

静态资源配置原理

  • SpringBoot启动默认加载 xxxAutoConfiguration 类(自动配置类)
  • SpringMVC功能的自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration,生效
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@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {}
  • 给容器中配了什么。
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@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
@Order(0)
public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {}
  • 配置文件的相关属性和xxx进行了绑定。WebMvcProperties==spring.mvc,ResourceProperties==spring.resources

配置类只有一个有参构造器

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//有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定
//ResourceProperties resourceProperties;获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象
//WebMvcProperties mvcProperties 获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象
//ListableBeanFactory beanFactory Spring的beanFactory
//HttpMessageConverters 找到所有的HttpMessageConverters
//ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer 找到 资源处理器的自定义器。=========
//DispatcherServletPath
//ServletRegistrationBean 给应用注册Servlet,Filter....
public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(ResourceProperties resourceProperties, WebMvcProperties mvcProperties,
ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider,
ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath,
ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable();
this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;
this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations;
}

资源处理的默认规则

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@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
//webjars的规则
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}

//
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()))
.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
}
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spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/**
resources:
add-mappings: false 禁用所有静态资源规则
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@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties {

private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };

/**
* Locations of static resources. Defaults to classpath:[/META-INF/resources/,
* /resources/, /static/, /public/].
*/
private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;

欢迎页的处理规则

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HandlerMapping:处理器映射。保存了每一个Handler能处理哪些请求。	

@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());
return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
}

WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
ApplicationContext applicationContext, Optional<Resource> welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
if (welcomePage.isPresent() && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
//要用欢迎页功能,必须是/**
logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage.get());
setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
}
else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
// 调用Controller /index
logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
setRootViewName("index");
}
}

favicon

请求参数处理

请求映射

rest使用与原理

  • @xxxMapping;
  • Rest风格支持(使用HTTP请求方式动词来表示对资源的操作)
  • 以前:/getUser 获取用户 /deleteUser 删除用户 /editUser 修改用户 /saveUser 保存用户
  • 现在: /user GET-获取用户 DELETE-删除用户 PUT-修改用户 POST-保存用户
  • 核心Filter;HiddenHttpMethodFilter
  • 用法: 表单method=post,隐藏域 _method=put
  • SpringBoot中手动开启
  • 扩展:如何把_method 这个名字换成我们自己喜欢的。
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@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getUser(){
return "GET-张三";
}

@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveUser(){
return "POST-张三";
}

@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String putUser(){
return "PUT-张三";
}

@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteUser(){
return "DELETE-张三";
}

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = false)
public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter();
}

//自定义filter
@Bean
public HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter(){
HiddenHttpMethodFilter methodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
methodFilter.setMethodParam("_m");
return methodFilter;
}

Rest原理(表单提交要使用REST的时候)

  • 表单提交会带上_method=PUT
  • 请求过来被HiddenHttpMethodFilter拦截
  • 请求是否正常,并且是POST
  • 获取到_method的值。
  • 兼容以下请求;PUT.DELETE.PATCH
  • 原生request(post),包装模式requesWrapper重写了getMethod方法,返回的是传入的值。
  • 过滤器链放行的时候用wrapper。以后的方法调用getMethod是调用requesWrapper的。

Rest使用客户端工具

如PostMan直接发送Put,delete等方式请求,无需Filter。

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spring:
mvc:
hiddenmethod:
filter:
enabled: true #开启页面表单的Rest功能

请求映射原理

SpringMVC功能分析都从 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet-》doDispatch()

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protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;

try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

// 找到当前请求使用哪个Handler(Controller的方法)处理
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);

//HandlerMapping:处理器映射。/xxx->>xxxx

RequestMappingHandlerMapping:保存了所有@RequestMapping 和handler的映射规则。

所有的请求映射都在HandlerMapping中。

  • SpringBoot自动配置欢迎页的 WelcomePageHandlerMapping 。访问 /能访问到index.html;
  • SpringBoot自动配置了默认 的 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
  • 请求进来,挨个尝试所有的HandlerMapping看是否有请求信息。
  • 如果有就找到这个请求对应的handler
  • 如果没有就是下一个 HandlerMapping
  • 我们需要一些自定义的映射处理,我们也可以自己给容器中放HandlerMapping。自定义 HandlerMapping
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protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
if (handler != null) {
return handler;
}
}
}
return null;
}

普通参数与基本注解

注解:

@PathVariable,@RequestHeader,@ModelAttribute,@RequestParam,@MatrixVariable,@CookieValue,@RequestBody

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@RestController
public class ParameterTestController {
// car/2/owner/zhangsan
@GetMapping("/car/{id}/owner/{username}")
public Map<String,Object> getCar(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
@PathVariable("username") String name,
@PathVariable Map<String,String> pv,
@RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent,
@RequestHeader Map<String,String> header,
@RequestParam("age") Integer age,
@RequestParam("inters") List<String> inters,
@RequestParam Map<String,String> params,
@CookieValue("_ga") String _ga,
@CookieValue("_ga") Cookie cookie){

Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

// map.put("id",id);
// map.put("name",name);
// map.put("pv",pv);
// map.put("userAgent",userAgent);
// map.put("headers",header);
map.put("age",age);
map.put("inters",inters);
map.put("params",params);
map.put("_ga",_ga);
System.out.println(cookie.getName()+"===>"+cookie.getValue());
return map;
}

@PostMapping("/save")
public Map postMethod(@RequestBody String content){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("content",content);
return map;
}

//1,语法: 请求路径:/cars/sell;low=34;brand=byd,audi,yd
//2,SpringBoot默认是禁用了矩阵变量的功能
// 手动开启:原理。对于路径的处理。UrlPathHelper进行解析。
// removeSemicolonContent(移除分号内容)支持矩阵变量的
//3,矩阵变量必须有url路径变量才能被解析
@GetMapping("/cars/{path}")
public Map carsSell(@MatrixVariable("low") Integer low,
@MatrixVariable("brand") List<String> brand,
@PathVariable("path") String path){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("low",low);
map.put("brand",brand);
map.put("path",path);
return map;
}

// /boss/1;age=20/2;age=10
@GetMapping("/boss/{bossId}/{empId}")
public Map boss(@MatrixVariable(value = "age",pathVar = "bossId") Integer bossAge,
@MatrixVariable(value = "age",pathVar = "empId") Integer empAge){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("bossAge",bossAge);
map.put("empAge",empAge);
return map;
}
}

Servlet API:

WebRequest,ServletRequest,MultipartRequest, HttpSession,javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder,Principal,InputStream,Reader,HttpMethod,Locale,TimeZone,ZoneId

ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver 以上的部分参数

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@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
Class<?> paramType = parameter.getParameterType();
return (WebRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
MultipartRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
(pushBuilder != null && pushBuilder.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) ||
Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpMethod.class == paramType ||
Locale.class == paramType ||
TimeZone.class == paramType ||
ZoneId.class == paramType);
}

复杂参数:

Map,Model(map,model里面的数据会被放在request的请求域 request.setAttribute),Errors/BindingResult,RedirectAttributes( 重定向携带数据),ServletResponse(response),SessionStatus,UriComponentsBuilder,ServletUriComponentsBuilder

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Map<String,Object> map,  Model model, HttpServletRequest request 都是可以给request域中放数据,
request.getAttribute();

Map,Model类型的参数,会返回 mavContainer.getModel();—-> BindingAwareModelMap 是Model 也是Map
mavContainer.getModel(); 获取到值的

自定义对象参数:

可以自动类型转换与格式化,可以级联封装。

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/**
* 姓名: <input name="userName"/> <br/>
* 年龄: <input name="age"/> <br/>
* 生日: <input name="birth"/> <br/>
* 宠物姓名:<input name="pet.name"/><br/>
* 宠物年龄:<input name="pet.age"/>
*/
@Data
public class Person {
private String userName;
private Integer age;
private Date birth;
private Pet pet;

}

@Data
public class Pet {
private String name;
private String age;

}

POJO封装过程

  • ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor

参数处理原理

  • HandlerMapping中找到能处理请求的Handler(Controller.method())
  • 为当前Handler 找一个适配器 HandlerAdapter; RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
  • 适配器执行目标方法并确定方法参数的每一个值

HandlerAdapter

0 - 支持方法上标注@RequestMapping
1 - 支持函数式编程的

执行目标方法

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// Actually invoke the handler.
//DispatcherServlet -- doDispatch
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
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mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod); //执行目标方法


//ServletInvocableHandlerMethod
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
//获取方法的参数值
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);

参数解析器-HandlerMethodArgumentResolver

确定将要执行的目标方法的每一个参数的值是什么;
SpringMVC目标方法能写多少种参数类型。取决于参数解析器。

  • 当前解析器是否支持解析这种参数
  • 支持就调用 resolveArgument

返回值处理器

如何确定目标方法每一个参数的值

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============InvocableHandlerMethod==========================
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
return EMPTY_ARGS;
}

Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
if (args[i] != null) {
continue;
}
if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
}
try {
args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// Leave stack trace for later, exception may actually be resolved and handled...
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String exMsg = ex.getMessage();
if (exMsg != null && !exMsg.contains(parameter.getExecutable().toGenericString())) {
logger.debug(formatArgumentError(parameter, exMsg));
}
}
throw ex;
}
}
return args;
}

挨个判断所有参数解析器那个支持解析这个参数

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@Nullable
private HandlerMethodArgumentResolver getArgumentResolver(MethodParameter parameter) {
HandlerMethodArgumentResolver result = this.argumentResolverCache.get(parameter);
if (result == null) {
for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver : this.argumentResolvers) {
if (resolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
result = resolver;
this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}

解析这个参数的值

调用各自 HandlerMethodArgumentResolver 的 resolveArgument 方法即可

自定义类型参数 封装POJOServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor 这个参数处理器支持是否为简单类型。

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public static boolean isSimpleValueType(Class<?> type) {
return (Void.class != type && void.class != type &&
(ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(type) ||
Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(type) ||
CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom(type) ||
Number.class.isAssignableFrom(type) ||
Date.class.isAssignableFrom(type) ||
Temporal.class.isAssignableFrom(type) ||
URI.class == type ||
URL.class == type ||
Locale.class == type ||
Class.class == type));
}
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@Override
@Nullable
public final Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {

Assert.state(mavContainer != null, "ModelAttributeMethodProcessor requires ModelAndViewContainer");
Assert.state(binderFactory != null, "ModelAttributeMethodProcessor requires WebDataBinderFactory");

String name = ModelFactory.getNameForParameter(parameter);
ModelAttribute ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class);
if (ann != null) {
mavContainer.setBinding(name, ann.binding());
}

Object attribute = null;
BindingResult bindingResult = null;

if (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name)) {
attribute = mavContainer.getModel().get(name);
}
else {
// Create attribute instance
try {
attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest);
}
catch (BindException ex) {
if (isBindExceptionRequired(parameter)) {
// No BindingResult parameter -> fail with BindException
throw ex;
}
// Otherwise, expose null/empty value and associated BindingResult
if (parameter.getParameterType() == Optional.class) {
attribute = Optional.empty();
}
bindingResult = ex.getBindingResult();
}
}

if (bindingResult == null) {
// Bean property binding and validation;
// skipped in case of binding failure on construction.
WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest);
}
validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
}
}
// Value type adaptation, also covering java.util.Optional
if (!parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute)) {
attribute = binder.convertIfNecessary(binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
}
bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult();
}

// Add resolved attribute and BindingResult at the end of the model
Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = bindingResult.getModel();
mavContainer.removeAttributes(bindingResultModel);
mavContainer.addAllAttributes(bindingResultModel);

return attribute;
}

WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
WebDataBinder :web数据绑定器,将请求参数的值绑定到指定的JavaBean里面
WebDataBinder 利用它里面的 Converters 将请求数据转成指定的数据类型。再次封装到JavaBean中

GenericConversionService:在设置每一个值的时候,找它里面的所有converter那个可以将这个数据类型(request带来参数的字符串)转换到指定的类型(JavaBean — Integer)
byte — > file

@FunctionalInterfacepublic interface Converter

未来我们可以给WebDataBinder里面放自己的Converter;

private static final class StringToNumber implements Converter

自定义 Converter

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//1,WebMvcConfigurer定制化SpringMVC的功能
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
@Override
public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) {
UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
// 不移除;后面的内容。矩阵变量功能就可以生效
urlPathHelper.setRemoveSemicolonContent(false);
configurer.setUrlPathHelper(urlPathHelper);
}

@Override
public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
registry.addConverter(new Converter<String, Pet>() {

@Override
public Pet convert(String source) {
// 啊猫,3
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(source)){
Pet pet = new Pet();
String[] split = source.split(",");
pet.setName(split[0]);
pet.setAge(Integer.parseInt(split[1]));
return pet;
}
return null;
}
});
}
};
}

目标方法执行完成

将所有的数据都放在 ModelAndViewContainer;包含要去的页面地址View。还包含Model数据。

处理派发结果

processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);

renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);

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InternalResourceView:
@Override
protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

// Expose the model object as request attributes.
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);

// Expose helpers as request attributes, if any.
exposeHelpers(request);

// Determine the path for the request dispatcher.
String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(request, response);

// Obtain a RequestDispatcher for the target resource (typically a JSP).
RequestDispatcher rd = getRequestDispatcher(request, dispatcherPath);
if (rd == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not get RequestDispatcher for [" + getUrl() +
"]: Check that the corresponding file exists within your web application archive!");
}

// If already included or response already committed, perform include, else forward.
if (useInclude(request, response)) {
response.setContentType(getContentType());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Including [" + getUrl() + "]");
}
rd.include(request, response);
}

else {
// Note: The forwarded resource is supposed to determine the content type itself.
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Forwarding to [" + getUrl() + "]");
}
rd.forward(request, response);
}
}
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// Expose the model object as request attributes. 暴露模型作为请求域属性
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);
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protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map<String, Object> model,
HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {

//model中的所有数据遍历挨个放在请求域中
model.forEach((name, value) -> {
if (value != null) {
request.setAttribute(name, value);
}
else {
request.removeAttribute(name);
}
});
}

数据响应与内容协商

响应JSON

jackson.jar+@ResponseBody

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
# web场景自动引入了json场景
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

给前端自动返回json数据

返回值解析器

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try {
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
}
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@Override
public void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {
HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler handler = selectHandler(returnValue, returnType);
if (handler == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown return value type: " + returnType.getParameterType().getName());
}
handler.handleReturnValue(returnValue, returnType, mavContainer, webRequest);
}
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RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor  	
@Override
public void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest);
ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest);

// Try even with null return value. ResponseBodyAdvice could get involved.
// 使用消息转换器进行写出操作
writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
}

返回值解析器原理

  • 返回值处理器判断是否支持这种类型返回值 supportsReturnType
  • 返回值处理器调用 handleReturnValue 进行处理
  • RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor 可以处理返回值标了@ResponseBody 注解的。
  • 利用 MessageConverters 进行处理 将数据写为json
  • 内容协商(浏览器默认会以请求头的方式告诉服务器他能接受什么样的内容类型)
  • 服务器最终根据自己自身的能力,决定服务器能生产出什么样内容类型的数据,
  • SpringMVC会挨个遍历所有容器底层的 HttpMessageConverter ,看谁能处理?
  • 得到MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter可以将对象写为json
  • 利用MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter将对象转为json再写出去。

SpringMVC到底支持哪些返回值

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ModelAndView
Model
View
ResponseEntity
ResponseBodyEmitter
StreamingResponseBody
HttpEntity
HttpHeaders
Callable
DeferredResult
ListenableFuture
CompletionStage
WebAsyncTask
@ModelAttribute 且为对象类型的
@ResponseBody 注解 ---> RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor;

HTTPMessageConverter原理

MessageConverter规范

HttpMessageConverter: 看是否支持将 此 Class类型的对象,转为MediaType类型的数据。
例子:Person对象转为JSON。或者 JSON转为Person

默认的MessageConverter

0 - 只支持Byte类型的
1 - String
2 - String
3 - Resource
4 - ResourceRegion
5 - DOMSource.class \ SAXSource.class) \ StAXSource.class \StreamSource.class \Source.class
6 - MultiValueMap
7 - true
8 - true
9 - 支持注解方式xml处理的。

最终 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 把对象转为JSON(利用底层的jackson的objectMapper转换的)

内容协商

引入xml依赖

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<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
</dependency>

postman分别测试返回json和xml

只需要改变请求头中Accept字段。Http协议中规定的,告诉服务器本客户端可以接收的数据类型。

开启浏览器参数方式内容协商功能

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spring:
contentnegotiation:
favor-parameter: true #开启请求参数内容协商模式

发请求: http://localhost:8080/test/person?format=json http://localhost:8080/test/person?format=xml

确定客户端接收什么样的内容类型:

  • Parameter策略优先确定是要返回json数据(获取请求头中的format的值)
  • 最终进行内容协商返回给客户端json即可。

内容协商原理

  • 判断当前响应头中是否已经有确定的媒体类型。MediaType
  • 获取客户端(PostMan,浏览器)支持接收的内容类型。(获取客户端Accept请求头字段)【application/xml】
  • contentNegotiationManager 内容协商管理器 默认使用基于请求头的策略

  • HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy 确定客户端可以接收的内容类型

  • 遍历循环所有当前系统的 MessageConverter,看谁支持操作这个对象(Person)
  • 找到支持操作Person的converter,把converter支持的媒体类型统计出来。
  • 客户端需要【application/xml】。服务端能力【10种,json,xml】

  • 进行内容协商的最佳匹配媒体类型
  • 用 支持 将对象转为 最佳匹配媒体类型 的converter。调用它进行转化 。

导入了jackson处理xml的包,xml的converter就会自动进来

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WebMvcConfigurationSupport
jackson2XmlPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlMapper", classLoader);

if (jackson2XmlPresent) {
Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder = Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.xml();
if (this.applicationContext != null) {
builder.applicationContext(this.applicationContext);
}
messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter(builder.build()));
}

自定义MessageConverter

实现多协议数据兼容。json,xml,x-guigu

  • @ResponseBody 响应数据出去 调用 RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor 处理
  • Processor 处理方法返回值。通过 MessageConverter 处理
  • 所有 MessageConverter 合起来可以支持各种媒体类型数据的操作(读,写)
  • 内容协商找到最终的 messageConverter;

SpringMVC的什么功能。一个入口给容器中添加一个 WebMvcConfigurer

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@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
@Override
public void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {}
}
}

视图解析与模板引擎

视图解析:SpringBoot默认不支持 JSP,需要引入第三方模板引擎技术实现页面渲染。

视图解析

视图解析原理流程

  • 目标方法处理的过程中,所有数据都会被放在 ModelAndViewContainer 里面。包括数据和视图地址
  • 方法的参数是一个自定义类型对象(从请求参数中确定的),把他重新放在 ModelAndViewContainer
  • 任何目标方法执行完成以后都会返回 ModelAndView(数据和视图地址)。
  • processDispatchResult 处理派发结果(页面改如何响应)
  • render(mv, request, response); 进行页面渲染逻辑
  • 根据方法的String返回值得到 View 对象【定义了页面的渲染逻辑】
  • 所有的视图解析器尝试是否能根据当前返回值得到View对象
  • 得到了 redirect:/main.html —> Thymeleaf new RedirectView()
  • ContentNegotiationViewResolver 里面包含了下面所有的视图解析器,内部还是利用下面所有视图解析器得到视图对象。
  • view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response); 视图对象调用自定义的render进行页面渲染工作
  • RedirectView 如何渲染【重定向到一个页面】
  • 获取目标url地址
  • response.sendRedirect(encodedURL);

视图解析

  • 返回值以 forward: 开始: new InternalResourceView(forwardUrl); —> 转发request.getRequestDispatcher(path).forward(request, response)
  • 返回值以 redirect: 开始: new RedirectView() —》 render就是重定向
  • 返回值是普通字符串: new ThymeleafView()—-> 自定义视图解析器+自定义视图

模板引擎-Thymeleaf

thymeleaf简介

Thymeleaf is a modern server-side Java template engine for both web and standalone environments, capable of processing HTML, XML, JavaScript, CSS and even plain text. 现代化,服务端Java模板引擎

基本语法

表达式

表达式名字 语法 用途
变量取值 ${…} 获取请求域,session域,对象等值
选择变量 *{…} 获取上下文对象值
消息 #{…} 获取国际化等值
链接 @{…} 生成链接
片段表达式 ~{…} jsp:include 作用,引入公共页面片段

字面量

文本值: ‘one text’ , ‘Another one!’ ,…数字: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…布尔值: true , false
空值: null
变量: one,two,…. 变量不能有空格

文本操作

字符串拼接: +
变量替换: |The name is ${name}|

数学运算

运算符: + , - , * , / , %

布尔运算

运算符: and , or
一元运算: ! , not

比较运算

比较: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )等式: == , != ( eq , ne )

条件运算

If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)

特殊操作

无操作: _

设置属性值-th:attr

设置单个值

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<form action="subscribe.html" th:attr="action=@{/subscribe}">
<fieldset>
<input type="text" name="email" />
<input type="submit" value="Subscribe!" th:attr="value=#{subscribe.submit}"/>
</fieldset>
</form>

设置多个值

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<img src="../../images/gtvglogo.png"  th:attr="src=@{/images/gtvglogo.png},title=#{logo},alt=#{logo}" />

以上两个的代替写法 th:xxxx

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<input type="submit" value="Subscribe!" th:value="#{subscribe.submit}"/>
<form action="subscribe.html" th:action="@{/subscribe}">

所有h5兼容的标签写法

https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html#setting-value-to-specific-attributes

迭代

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<tr th:each="prod : ${prods}">
<td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td>
<td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td>
<td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td>
</tr>
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<tr th:each="prod,iterStat : ${prods}" th:class="${iterStat.odd}? 'odd'">
<td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td>
<td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td>
<td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td>
</tr>

thymeleaf使用

引入Starter

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

自动配置好了thymeleaf

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@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ThymeleafProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnClass({ TemplateMode.class, SpringTemplateEngine.class })
@AutoConfigureAfter({ WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class, WebFluxAutoConfiguration.class })
public class ThymeleafAutoConfiguration { }

自动配好的策略

  • 所有thymeleaf的配置值都在 ThymeleafProperties
  • 配置好了 SpringTemplateEngine
  • 配好了 ThymeleafViewResolver
  • 我们只需要直接开发页面
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public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html"; //xxx.html

页面开发

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 th:text="${msg}">哈哈</h1>
<h2>
<a href="www.atguigu.com" th:href="${link}">去百度</a> <br/>
<a href="www.atguigu.com" th:href="@{link}">去百度2</a>
</h2>
</body>
</html>

构建后台管理系统

项目创建

thymeleaf,web-starter,devtools,lombok

静态资源处理

自动配置好,我们只需要把所有静态资源放到 static 文件夹下

路径构建

th:action=”@{/login}”

模板抽取

th:insert/replace/include

页面跳转

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@PostMapping("/login")
public String main(User user, HttpSession session, Model model){
if(StringUtils.hasLength(user.getUserName()) && "123456".equals(user.getPassword())){
//把登陆成功的用户保存起来
session.setAttribute("loginUser",user);
//登录成功重定向到main.html; 重定向防止表单重复提交
return "redirect:/main.html";
} else {
model.addAttribute("msg","账号密码错误");
//回到登录页面
return "login";
}
}

数据渲染

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@GetMapping("/dynamic_table")
public String dynamic_table(Model model) {
//表格内容的遍历
List<User> users = Arrays.asList(new User("zhangsan", "123456"),
new User("lisi", "123444"),
new User("haha", "aaaaa"),
new User("hehe ", "aaddd"));
model.addAttribute("users",users);
return "table/dynamic_table";
}
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<table class="display table table-bordered" id="hidden-table-info">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>用户名</th>
<th>密码</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="gradeX" th:each="user,stats:${users}">
<td th:text="${stats.count}">Trident</td>
<td th:text="${user.userName}">Internet</td>
<td >[[${user.password}]]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

拦截器

HandlerInterceptor 接口

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/**
* 登录检查
* 1,配置好拦截器要拦截哪些请求
* 2,把这些配置放在容器中
*/
@Slf4j
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

/**
* 目标方法执行之前
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
log.info("preHandle拦截的请求路径是{}",requestURI);

//登录检查逻辑
HttpSession session = request.getSession();

Object loginUser = session.getAttribute("loginUser");

if(loginUser != null){
//放行
return true;
}

//拦截住。未登录。跳转到登录页
request.setAttribute("msg","请先登录");
// re.sendRedirect("/");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/").forward(request,response);
return false;
}

/**
* 目标方法执行完成以后
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
log.info("postHandle执行{}",modelAndView);
}

/**
* 页面渲染以后
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
log.info("afterCompletion执行异常{}",ex);
}
}

配置拦截器

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/**
* 1,编写一个拦截器实现HandlerInterceptor接口
* 2,拦截器注册到容器中(实现WebMvcConfigurer的addInterceptors)
* 3,指定拦截规则【如果是拦截所有,静态资源也会被拦截】
*/
@Configuration
public class AdminWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginInterceptor())
.addPathPatterns("/**") //所有请求都被拦截包括静态资源
.excludePathPatterns("/","/login","/css/**","/fonts/**","/images/**","/js/**"); //放行的请求
}
}

拦截器原理

  • 根据当前请求,找到HandlerExecutionChain【可以处理请求的handler以及handler的所有 拦截器】
  • 先来顺序执行 所有拦截器的 preHandle方法
  • 如果当前拦截器prehandler返回为true。则执行下一个拦截器的preHandle
  • 如果当前拦截器返回为false。直接 倒序执行所有已经执行了的拦截器的 afterCompletion;
  • 如果任何一个拦截器返回false。直接跳出不执行目标方法
  • 所有拦截器都返回True。执行目标方法
  • 倒序执行所有拦截器的postHandle方法。
  • 前面的步骤有任何异常都会直接倒序触发 afterCompletion
  • 页面成功渲染完成以后,也会倒序触发 afterCompletion

文件上传

页面表单

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<form method="post" action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

文件上传代码

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/**
* MultipartFile 自动封装上传过来的文件
* @param email
* @param username
* @param headerImg
* @param photos
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String upload(@RequestParam("email") String email,
@RequestParam("username") String username,
@RequestPart("headerImg") MultipartFile headerImg,
@RequestPart("photos") MultipartFile[] photos) throws IOException {

log.info("上传的信息:email={},username={},headerImg={},photos={}",
email,username,headerImg.getSize(),photos.length);

if(!headerImg.isEmpty()){
//保存到文件服务器,OSS服务器
String originalFilename = headerImg.getOriginalFilename();
headerImg.transferTo(new File("H:\\cache\\"+originalFilename));
}

if(photos.length > 0){
for (MultipartFile photo : photos) {
if(!photo.isEmpty()){
String originalFilename = photo.getOriginalFilename();
photo.transferTo(new File("H:\\cache\\"+originalFilename));
}
}
}
return "main";
}

自动配置原理

  • 文件上传自动配置类-MultipartAutoConfiguration-MultipartProperties
  • 自动配置好了 StandardServletMultipartResolver 【文件上传解析器】
  • 原理步骤
  • 请求进来使用文件上传解析器判断(isMultipart)并封装(resolveMultipart,返回MultipartHttpServletRequest)文件上传请求
  • 参数解析器来解析请求中的文件内容封装成MultipartFile
  • 将request中文件信息封装为一个Map;MultiValueMap
  • FileCopyUtils实现文件流的拷贝
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@PostMapping("/upload")
public String upload(@RequestParam("email") String email,
@RequestParam("username") String username,
@RequestPart("headerImg") MultipartFile headerImg,
@RequestPart("photos") MultipartFile[] photos)

异常处理

错误处理

  • 默认情况下,Spring Boot提供/error处理所有错误的映射
  • 对于机器客户端,它将生成JSON响应,其中包含错误,HTTP状态和异常消息的详细信息。对于浏览器客户端,响应一个“ whitelabel”错误视图,以HTML格式呈现相同的数据
  • 要对其进行自定义,添加View解析为error
  • 要完全替换默认行为,可以实现 ErrorController 并注册该类型的Bean定义,或添加ErrorAttributes类型的组件以使用现有机制但替换其内容。
  • error/下的4xx,5xx页面会被自动解析
  • Web原生组件注入(Servlet,Filter,Listener)

使用Servlet API

@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = “com.atguigu.admin”) :指定原生Servlet组件都放在那里
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = “/my”):效果:直接响应,没有经过Spring的拦截器?
@WebFilter(urlPatterns={“/css/“,”/images/“})
@WebListener

使用RegistrationBean

ServletRegistrationBean, FilterRegistrationBean, and ServletListenerRegistrationBean

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@Configuration
public class MyRegistConfig {

@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet();

return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet,"/my","/my02");
}


@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){

MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();
// return new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter,myServlet());
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter);
filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/my","/css/*"));
return filterRegistrationBean;
}

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
MySwervletContextListener mySwervletContextListener = new MySwervletContextListener();
return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(mySwervletContextListener);
}
}

嵌入式Servlet容器

切换嵌入式Servlet容器

  • 默认支持的webServer
  • Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow
  • ServletWebServerApplicationContext 容器启动寻找ServletWebServerFactory 并引导创建服务器
  • 切换服务器
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

原理

  • SpringBoot应用启动发现当前是Web应用。web场景包-导入tomcat
  • web应用会创建一个web版的ioc容器 ServletWebServerApplicationContext
  • ServletWebServerApplicationContext 启动的时候寻找 ServletWebServerFactory(Servlet 的web服务器工厂—-> Servlet 的web服务器)
  • SpringBoot底层默认有很多的WebServer工厂;TomcatServletWebServerFactory, JettyServletWebServerFactory, or UndertowServletWebServerFactory
  • 底层直接会有一个自动配置类。ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration
  • ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration导入了ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration(配置类)
  • ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration 配置类 根据动态判断系统中到底导入了那个Web服务器的包。(默认是web-starter导入tomcat包),容器中就有 TomcatServletWebServerFactory
  • TomcatServletWebServerFactory 创建出Tomcat服务器并启动;TomcatWebServer 的构造器拥有初始化方法initialize—-this.tomcat.start();
  • 内嵌服务器,就是手动把启动服务器的代码调用(tomcat核心jar包存在)

数据访问

未完待续