Spring与SpringBoot Spring能做什么 spring的能力
Spring的生态 https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot
Web开发
数据访问
安全控制
分布式
消息服务
移动开发
批处理
Spring5重大升级 响应式编程
内部源码设计 基于Java8的一些新特性,如:接口默认实现。重新设计源码架构。
为什么用SpringBoot Spring Boot makes it easy to create stand-alone, production-grade Spring based Applications that you can “just run”.
能快速创建出生产级别的Spring应用
SpringBoot优点 ● Create stand-alone Spring applications ○ 创建独立Spring应用 ● Embed Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow directly (no need to deploy WAR files) ○ 内嵌web服务器 ● Provide opinionated ‘starter’ dependencies to simplify your build configuration ○ 自动starter依赖,简化构建配置 ● Automatically configure Spring and 3rd party libraries whenever possible ○ 自动配置Spring以及第三方功能 ● Provide production-ready features such as metrics, health checks, and externalized configuration ○ 提供生产级别的监控,健康检查及外部化配置 ● Absolutely no code generation and no requirement for XML configuration ○ 无代码生成,无需编写XML
SpringBoot是整合Spring技术栈的一站式框架 SpringBoot是简化Spring技术栈的快速开发脚手架
SpringBoot缺点
人称版本帝,迭代快,需要时刻关注变化
封装太深,内部原理复杂,不容易精通
时代背景 微服务 James Lewis and Martin Fowler (2014) 提出微服务完整概念。https://martinfowler.com/microservices/ In short, the microservice architectural style is an approach to developing a single application as a suite of small services, each running in its own process and communicating with lightweight mechanisms, often an HTTP resource API. These services are built around business capabilities and independently deployable by fully automated deployment machinery. There is a bare minimum of centralized management of these services, which may be written in different programming languages and use different data storage technologies.— James Lewis and Martin Fowler (2014)
微服务是一种架构风格
一个应用拆分为一组小型服务
每个服务运行在自己的进程内,也就是可独立部署和升级
服务之间使用轻量级HTTP交互
服务围绕业务功能拆分
可以由全自动部署机制独立部署
去中心化,服务自治。服务可以使用不同的语言,不同的存储技术
分布式
分布式的困难
远程调用
服务发现
负载均衡
服务容错
配置管理
服务监控
链路追踪
日志管理
任务调度
……
分布式的解决
云原生 原生应用如何上云。 Cloud Native
上云的困难
服务自愈
弹性伸缩
服务隔离
自动化部署
灰度发布
流量治理
……
上云的解决
如何学习SpringBoot 官网文档架构
查看版本新特性;https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/wiki#release-notes
SpringBoot2入门 系统要求
Java 8 & 兼容java14 .
Maven 3.3+
idea 2019.1.2
maven设置 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 <mirrors > <mirror > <id > nexus-aliyun</id > <mirrorOf > central</mirrorOf > <name > Nexus aliyun</name > <url > http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url > </mirror > </mirrors > <profiles > <profile > <id > jdk-1.8</id > <activation > <activeByDefault > true</activeByDefault > <jdk > 1.8</jdk > </activation > <properties > <maven.compiler.source > 1.8</maven.compiler.source > <maven.compiler.target > 1.8</maven.compiler.target > <maven.compiler.compilerVersion > 1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion > </properties > </profile > </profiles >
HelloWorld 需求:浏览发送/hello请求,响应 Hello,Spring Boot 2
创建maven工程 引入依赖 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3 .4 .RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
创建主程序 1 2 3 4 5 6 @SpringBootApplication public class MainApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class,args); } }
编写业务 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String handle01 () { return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!" ; } }
测试 直接运行main方法
简化配置 application.properties
简化部署 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
把项目打成jar包,直接在目标服务器执行即可。
注意点:
了解自动配置原理 SpringBoot特点 依赖管理
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3 .4 .RELEASE</version> </parent> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2.3 .4 .RELEASE</version> </parent>
见到很多 spring-boot-starter- : 就某种场景
只要引入starter,这个场景的所有常规需要的依赖我们都自动引入
SpringBoot所有支持的场景
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using-spring-boot.html#using-boot-starter
见到的 *-spring-boot-starter: 第三方为我们提供的简化开发的场景启动器。
所有场景启动器最底层的依赖
1 2 3 4 5 6 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.3 .4 .RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>
引入依赖默认都可以不写版本
引入非版本仲裁的jar,要写版本号。
查看spring-boot-dependencies里面规定当前依赖的版本 用的 key。
在当前项目里面重写配置
1 2 3 <properties> <mysql.version>5.1 .43 </mysql.version> </properties>
自动配置
引入Tomcat依赖。
配置Tomcat
1 2 3 4 5 6 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <version>2.3 .4 .RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>
引入SpringMVC全套组件
自动配好SpringMVC常用组件(功能)
SpringBoot帮我们配置好了所有web开发的常见场景
主程序所在包及其下面的所有子包里面的组件都会被默认扫描进来
无需以前的包扫描配置
想要改变扫描路径,@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages=”com.atguigu”)
或者@ComponentScan 指定扫描路径
1 2 3 4 5 @SpringBootApplication 等同于 @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan("com.atguigu.boot")
默认配置最终都是映射到某个类上,如:MultipartProperties
配置文件的值最终会绑定每个类上,这个类会在容器中创建对象
非常多的starter
引入了哪些场景这个场景的自动配置才会开启
SpringBoot所有的自动配置功能都在 spring-boot-autoconfigure 包里面
容器功能 组件添加 @Configuration
示例
最佳实战
配置 类组件之间无依赖关系用Lite模式加速容器启动过程,减少判断
配置类组件之间有依赖关系,方法会被调用得到之前单实例组件,用Full模式
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) public class MyConfig { @Bean public User user01 () { User zhangsan = new User ("zhangsan" , 18 ); zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet()); return zhangsan; } @Bean("tom") public Pet tomcatPet () { return new Pet ("tomcat" ); } } @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan("com.atguigu.boot") public class MainApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args); String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String name : names) { System.out.println(name); } Pet tom01 = run.getBean("tom" , Pet.class); Pet tom02 = run.getBean("tom" , Pet.class); System.out.println("组件:" +(tom01 == tom02)); MyConfig bean = run.getBean(MyConfig.class); System.out.println(bean); User user = bean.user01(); User user1 = bean.user01(); System.out.println(user == user1); User user01 = run.getBean("user01" , User.class); Pet tom = run.getBean("tom" , Pet.class); System.out.println("用户的宠物:" +(user01.getPet() == tom)); } }
@Bean,@Component,@Controller,@Service,@Repository @ComponentScan,@Import 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * 4 ,@Import({User.class, DBHelper.class}) * 给容器中自动创建出这两个类型的组件,默认组件的名字就是全类名 */ @Import({User.class, DBHelper.class}) @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) public class MyConfig {}
@Import 高级用法: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1gW411W7wy?p=8
@Conditional 条件装配:满足Conditional指定的条件,则进行组件注入
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "tom") public class MyConfig { @Bean public User user01 () { User zhangsan = new User ("zhangsan" , 18 ); zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet()); return zhangsan; } @Bean("tom22") public Pet tomcatPet () { return new Pet ("tomcat" ); } } public static void main (String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args); String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String name : names) { System.out.println(name); } boolean tom = run.containsBean("tom" ); System.out.println("容器中Tom组件:" +tom); boolean user01 = run.containsBean("user01" ); System.out.println("容器中user01组件:" +user01); boolean tom22 = run.containsBean("tom22" ); System.out.println("容器中tom22组件:" +tom22); }
原生配置文件引入 @ImportResource 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd" > <bean id ="haha" class ="com.atguigu.boot.bean.User" > <property name ="name" value ="zhangsan" > </property > <property name ="age" value ="18" > </property > </bean > <bean id ="hehe" class ="com.atguigu.boot.bean.Pet" > <property name ="name" value ="tomcat" > </property > </bean > </beans >
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @ImportResource("classpath:beans.xml") public class MyConfig {}======================测试================= boolean haha = run.containsBean("haha" ); boolean hehe = run.containsBean("hehe" ); System.out.println("haha:" +haha); System.out.println("hehe:" +hehe);
配置绑定 如何使用Java读取到properties文件中的内容,并且把它封装到JavaBean中,以供随时使用。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 public class getProperties { public static void main (String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { Properties pps = new Properties (); pps.load(new FileInputStream ("a.properties" )); Enumeration enum1 = pps.propertyNames(); while (enum1.hasMoreElements()) { String strKey = (String) enum1.nextElement(); String strValue = pps.getProperty(strKey); System.out.println(strKey + "=" + strValue); } } }
@ConfigurationProperties 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar") public class Car { private String brand; private Integer price; public String getBrand () { return brand; } public void setBrand (String brand) { this .brand = brand; } public Integer getPrice () { return price; } public void setPrice (Integer price) { this .price = price; } @Override public String toString () { return "Car{" + "brand='" + brand + '\'' + ", price=" + price + '}' ; } }
@EnableConfigurationProperties + @ConfigurationProperties @Component + @ConfigurationProperties 1 2 3 4 5 @EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class) public class MyConfig {}
自动配置原理入门 引导加载自动配置类 1 2 3 4 5 @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication{}
@SpringBootConfiguration @Configuration。代表当前是一个配置类
@ComponentScan 指定扫描哪些,Spring注解
@EnableAutoConfiguration 1 2 3 @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}
@AutoConfigurationPackage 自动配置包?指定了默认的包规则
1 2 3 4 5 @Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class) public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
利用getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);给容器中批量导入一些组件
调用List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类
利用工厂加载 Map> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader);得到所有的组件
从META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件。默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar包里面也有META-INF/spring.factories
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 文件里面写死了spring-boot一启动就要给容器中加载的所有配置类 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3 .4 .RELEASE.jar/META-INF/spring.factories # Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
按需开启自动配置项
虽然我们127个场景的所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载。xxxxAutoConfiguration
按照条件装配规则(@Conditional),最终会按需配置。
修改默认配置 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @Bean @ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) public MultipartResolver multipartResolver (MultipartResolver resolver) { return resolver; } 给容器中加入了文件上传解析器;
SpringBoot默认会在底层配好所有的组件。但是如果用户自己配置了以用户的优先
1 2 3 @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter () {}
总结:
SpringBoot先加载所有的自动配置类 xxxxxAutoConfiguration
每个自动配置类按照条件进行生效,默认都会绑定配置文件指定的值。xxxxProperties里面拿。xxxProperties和配置文件进行了绑定
生效的配置类就会给容器中装配很多组件
只要容器中有这些组件,相当于这些功能就有了
定制化配置
用户直接自己@Bean替换底层的组件
用户去看这个组件是获取的配置文件什么值就去修改。
xxxxxAutoConfiguration —-> 组件 —-> xxxxProperties里面拿值 ——> application.properties
最佳实践
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using-spring-boot.html#using-boot-starter
自己分析,引入场景对应的自动配置一般都生效了
配置文件中debug=true开启自动配置报告。Negative(不生效)\Positive(生效)
参照文档修改配置项 https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/appendix-application-properties.html#common-application-properties
自定义加入或者替换组件 @Bean,@Component……
自定义器 XXXXXCustomizer
开发小技巧 Lombok 简化JavaBean开发
1 2 3 4 <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 @NoArgsConstructor @Data @ToString @EqualsAndHashCode public class User { private String name; private Integer age; private Pet pet; public User (String name,Integer age) { this .name = name; this .age = age; } } @Slf4j @RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String handle01 (@RequestParam("name") String name) { log.info("请求进来了...." ); return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!" +"你好:" +name; } }
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <optional>true </optional> </dependency>
Spring Initailizr(项目初始化向导) 选择我们需要的开发场景
自动依赖引入 自动创建项目结构 自动编写好主配置类 配置文件 文件类型 properties 同以前的properties用法
yaml 简介 YAML 是 “YAML Ain’t Markup Language”(YAML 不是一种标记语言)的递归缩写。在开发的这种语言时,YAML 的意思其实是:”Yet Another Markup Language”(仍是一种标记语言)。 非常适合用来做以数据为中心的配置文件
基本语法
key: value;kv之间有空格
大小写敏感
使用缩进表示层级关系
缩进不允许使用tab,只允许空格
缩进的空格数不重要,只要相同层级的元素左对齐即可
‘#’表示注释
字符串无需加引号,如果要加,’’与””表示字符串内容 会被 转义/不转义
数据类型
字面量:单个的,不可再分的值。date,boolean,string,number,null
对象:键值对的集合。map,hash,set,object
数组:一组按次序排列的值。array,list,queue
示例 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 @Data public class Person { private String userName; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Integer age; private Pet pet; private String[] interests; private List<String> animal; private Map<String, Object> score; private Set<Double> salarys; private Map<String, List<Pet>> allPets; } @Data public class Pet { private String name; private Double weight; }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 person: userName: zhangsan boss: false birth: 2019 /12/12 20 :12:33 age: 18 pet: name: tomcat weight: 23.4 interests: [篮球 ,游泳 ] animal: - jerry - mario score: english: first: 30 second: 40 third: 50 math: [131 ,140 ,148 ] chinese: {first: 128 ,second: 136 } salarys: [3999 ,4999.98 ,5999.99 ] allPets: sick: - {name: tom } - {name: jerry ,weight: 47 } health: [{name: mario ,weight: 47 }]
配置提示 自定义的类和配置文件绑定一般没有提示。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId > <optional > true</optional > </dependency > <build > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId > <configuration > <excludes > <exclude > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId > </exclude > </excludes > </configuration > </plugin > </plugins > </build >
Web开发 SpringMVC自动配置概览 Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with most applications.(大多场景我们都无需自定义配置 ) The auto-configuration adds the following features on top of Spring’s defaults:
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
内容协商视图解析器和BeanName视图解析器
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (covered later in this document )).
静态资源(包括webjars)
Automatic registration of Converter, GenericConverter, and Formatter beans.
自动注册 Converter,GenericConverter,Formatter
Support for HttpMessageConverters (covered later in this document ).
支持 HttpMessageConverters (后来我们配合内容协商理解原理)
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (covered later in this document ).
自动注册 MessageCodesResolver (国际化用)
Static index.html support.
静态index.html 页支持
Custom Favicon support (covered later in this document ).
自定义 Favicon
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (covered later in this document ).
自动使用 ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer ,(DataBinder负责将请求数据绑定到JavaBean上)
If you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations (interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurer but without @EnableWebMvc. 不用@EnableWebMvc注解。使用 @Configuration + WebMvcConfigurer 自定义规则
If you want to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of type WebMvcRegistrations and use it to provide custom instances of those components. 声明 WebMvcRegistrations 改变默认底层组件
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc, or alternatively add your own @Configuration-annotated DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration as described in the Javadoc of @EnableWebMvc. 使用 @EnableWebMvc+@Configuration+DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 全面接管SpringMVC
简单功能分析 静态资源访问 静态资源目录 只要静态资源放在类路径下: called /static (or /public or /resources or /META-INF/resources 访问 : 当前项目根路径/ + 静态资源名
原理: 静态映射/**。 请求进来,先去找Controller看能不能处理。不能处理的所有请求又都交给静态资源处理器。静态资源也找不到则响应404页面
改变默认的静态资源路径
1 2 3 4 5 spring: mvc: static-path-pattern: /res/** resources: static-locations: [classpath:/haha/ ]
静态资源访问前缀 1 2 3 spring: mvc: static-path-pattern: /res/**
webjar 自动映射 /webjars /**https://www.webjars.org/
1 2 3 4 5 <dependency > <groupId > org.webjars</groupId > <artifactId > jquery</artifactId > <version > 3.5.1</version > </dependency >
欢迎页支持
静态资源路径下 index.html
可以配置静态资源路径
但是不可以配置静态资源的访问前缀。否则导致 index.html不能被默认访问
1 2 3 4 5 spring: resources: static-locations: [classpath:/haha/ ]
controller能处理/index自定义 Favicon
favicon.ico 放在静态资源目录下即可。
静态资源配置原理
SpringBoot启动默认加载 xxxAutoConfiguration 类(自动配置类)
SpringMVC功能的自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration,生效
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {}
1 2 3 4 5 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class }) @Order(0) public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {}
配置文件的相关属性和xxx进行了绑定。WebMvcProperties==spring.mvc,ResourceProperties==spring.resources
配置类只有一个有参构造器 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter (ResourceProperties resourceProperties, WebMvcProperties mvcProperties, ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider, ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider, ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath, ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) { this .resourceProperties = resourceProperties; this .mvcProperties = mvcProperties; this .beanFactory = beanFactory; this .messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider; this .resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable(); this .dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath; this .servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations; }
资源处理的默认规则 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 @Override public void addResourceHandlers (ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this .resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled" ); return ; } Duration cachePeriod = this .resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod(); CacheControl cacheControl = this .resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**" )) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**" ) .addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/" ) .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl)); } String staticPathPattern = this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this .resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())) .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl)); } }
1 2 3 4 5 spring: resources: add-mappings: false 禁用所有静态资源规则
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties { private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/" , "classpath:/resources/" , "classpath:/static/" , "classpath:/public/" }; private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
欢迎页的处理规则 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 HandlerMapping:处理器映射。保存了每一个Handler能处理哪些请求。 @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping (ApplicationContext applicationContext, FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) { WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping ( new TemplateAvailabilityProviders (applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(), this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider)); welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations()); return welcomePageHandlerMapping; } WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders, ApplicationContext applicationContext, Optional<Resource> welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) { if (welcomePage.isPresent() && "/**" .equals(staticPathPattern)) { logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage.get()); setRootViewName("forward:index.html" ); } else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) { logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index" ); setRootViewName("index" ); } }
favicon 请求参数处理 请求映射 rest使用与原理
@xxxMapping;
Rest风格支持(使用HTTP请求方式动词来表示对资源的操作)
以前:/getUser 获取用户 /deleteUser 删除用户 /editUser 修改用户 /saveUser 保存用户
现在: /user GET-获取用户 DELETE-删除用户 PUT-修改用户 POST-保存用户
核心Filter;HiddenHttpMethodFilter
用法: 表单method=post,隐藏域 _method=put
SpringBoot中手动开启
扩展:如何把_method 这个名字换成我们自己喜欢的。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getUser () { return "GET-张三" ; } @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String saveUser () { return "POST-张三" ; } @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.PUT) public String putUser () { return "PUT-张三" ; } @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public String deleteUser () { return "DELETE-张三" ; } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class) @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = false) public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter () { return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter (); } @Bean public HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter () { HiddenHttpMethodFilter methodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter (); methodFilter.setMethodParam("_m" ); return methodFilter; }
Rest原理(表单提交要使用REST的时候)
表单提交会带上_method=PUT
请求过来被HiddenHttpMethodFilter拦截
请求是否正常,并且是POST
获取到_method的值。
兼容以下请求;PUT.DELETE.PATCH
原生request(post),包装模式requesWrapper重写了getMethod方法,返回的是传入的值。
过滤器链放行的时候用wrapper。以后的方法调用getMethod是调用requesWrapper的。
Rest使用客户端工具
如PostMan直接发送Put,delete等方式请求,无需Filter。
1 2 3 4 5 spring: mvc: hiddenmethod: filter: enabled: true
请求映射原理
SpringMVC功能分析都从 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet-》doDispatch()
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 protected void doDispatch (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null ; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false ; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { ModelAndView mv = null ; Exception dispatchException = null ; try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request); mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
RequestMappingHandlerMapping:保存了所有@RequestMapping 和handler的映射规则。
所有的请求映射都在HandlerMapping中。
SpringBoot自动配置欢迎页的 WelcomePageHandlerMapping 。访问 /能访问到index.html;
SpringBoot自动配置了默认 的 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
请求进来,挨个尝试所有的HandlerMapping看是否有请求信息。
如果有就找到这个请求对应的handler
如果没有就是下一个 HandlerMapping
我们需要一些自定义的映射处理,我们也可以自己给容器中放HandlerMapping。自定义 HandlerMapping
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler (HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { if (this .handlerMappings != null ) { for (HandlerMapping mapping : this .handlerMappings) { HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request); if (handler != null ) { return handler; } } } return null ; }
普通参数与基本注解 注解: @PathVariable,@RequestHeader,@ModelAttribute,@RequestParam,@MatrixVariable,@CookieValue,@RequestBody
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 @RestController public class ParameterTestController { @GetMapping("/car/{id}/owner/{username}") public Map<String,Object> getCar (@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @PathVariable("username") String name, @PathVariable Map<String,String> pv, @RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent, @RequestHeader Map<String,String> header, @RequestParam("age") Integer age, @RequestParam("inters") List<String> inters, @RequestParam Map<String,String> params, @CookieValue("_ga") String _ga, @CookieValue("_ga") Cookie cookie) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("age" ,age); map.put("inters" ,inters); map.put("params" ,params); map.put("_ga" ,_ga); System.out.println(cookie.getName()+"===>" +cookie.getValue()); return map; } @PostMapping("/save") public Map postMethod (@RequestBody String content) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("content" ,content); return map; } @GetMapping("/cars/{path}") public Map carsSell (@MatrixVariable("low") Integer low, @MatrixVariable("brand") List<String> brand, @PathVariable("path") String path) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("low" ,low); map.put("brand" ,brand); map.put("path" ,path); return map; } @GetMapping("/boss/{bossId}/{empId}") public Map boss (@MatrixVariable(value = "age",pathVar = "bossId") Integer bossAge, @MatrixVariable(value = "age",pathVar = "empId") Integer empAge) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("bossAge" ,bossAge); map.put("empAge" ,empAge); return map; } }
Servlet API: WebRequest,ServletRequest,MultipartRequest, HttpSession,javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder,Principal,InputStream,Reader,HttpMethod,Locale,TimeZone,ZoneId
ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver 以上的部分参数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 @Override public boolean supportsParameter (MethodParameter parameter) { Class<?> paramType = parameter.getParameterType(); return (WebRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || MultipartRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || (pushBuilder != null && pushBuilder.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) || Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || HttpMethod.class == paramType || Locale.class == paramType || TimeZone.class == paramType || ZoneId.class == paramType); }
复杂参数: Map,Model(map,model里面的数据会被放在request的请求域 request.setAttribute),Errors/BindingResult,RedirectAttributes( 重定向携带数据),ServletResponse(response),SessionStatus,UriComponentsBuilder,ServletUriComponentsBuilder
1 2 Map<String,Object> map, Model model, HttpServletRequest request 都是可以给request域中放数据, request.getAttribute();
Map,Model类型的参数,会返回 mavContainer.getModel();—-> BindingAwareModelMap 是Model 也是Map mavContainer.getModel(); 获取到值的
自定义对象参数: 可以自动类型转换与格式化,可以级联封装。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 @Data public class Person { private String userName; private Integer age; private Date birth; private Pet pet; } @Data public class Pet { private String name; private String age; }
POJO封装过程
ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor
参数处理原理
HandlerMapping中找到能处理请求的Handler(Controller.method())
为当前Handler 找一个适配器 HandlerAdapter; RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
适配器执行目标方法并确定方法参数的每一个值
HandlerAdapter
0 - 支持方法上标注@RequestMapping 1 - 支持函数式编程的
执行目标方法 1 2 3 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod); Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
参数解析器-HandlerMethodArgumentResolver 确定将要执行的目标方法的每一个参数的值是什么; SpringMVC目标方法能写多少种参数类型。取决于参数解析器。
当前解析器是否支持解析这种参数
支持就调用 resolveArgument
返回值处理器
如何确定目标方法每一个参数的值 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ============InvocableHandlerMethod========================== protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception { MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters(); if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) { return EMPTY_ARGS; } Object[] args = new Object [parameters.length]; for (int i = 0 ; i < parameters.length; i++) { MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i]; parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this .parameterNameDiscoverer); args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs); if (args[i] != null ) { continue ; } if (!this .resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) { throw new IllegalStateException (formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver" )); } try { args[i] = this .resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this .dataBinderFactory); } catch (Exception ex) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { String exMsg = ex.getMessage(); if (exMsg != null && !exMsg.contains(parameter.getExecutable().toGenericString())) { logger.debug(formatArgumentError(parameter, exMsg)); } } throw ex; } } return args; }
挨个判断所有参数解析器那个支持解析这个参数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 @Nullable private HandlerMethodArgumentResolver getArgumentResolver (MethodParameter parameter) { HandlerMethodArgumentResolver result = this .argumentResolverCache.get(parameter); if (result == null ) { for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver : this .argumentResolvers) { if (resolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) { result = resolver; this .argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result); break ; } } } return result; }
解析这个参数的值
调用各自 HandlerMethodArgumentResolver 的 resolveArgument 方法即可
自定义类型参数 封装POJOServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor 这个参数处理器支持是否为简单类型。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 public static boolean isSimpleValueType (Class<?> type) { return (Void.class != type && void .class != type && (ClassUtils.isPrimitiveOrWrapper(type) || Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Number.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Date.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Temporal.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || URI.class == type || URL.class == type || Locale.class == type || Class.class == type)); }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 @Override @Nullable public final Object resolveArgument (MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception { Assert.state(mavContainer != null , "ModelAttributeMethodProcessor requires ModelAndViewContainer" ); Assert.state(binderFactory != null , "ModelAttributeMethodProcessor requires WebDataBinderFactory" ); String name = ModelFactory.getNameForParameter(parameter); ModelAttribute ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class); if (ann != null ) { mavContainer.setBinding(name, ann.binding()); } Object attribute = null ; BindingResult bindingResult = null ; if (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name)) { attribute = mavContainer.getModel().get(name); } else { try { attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest); } catch (BindException ex) { if (isBindExceptionRequired(parameter)) { throw ex; } if (parameter.getParameterType() == Optional.class) { attribute = Optional.empty(); } bindingResult = ex.getBindingResult(); } } if (bindingResult == null ) { WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name); if (binder.getTarget() != null ) { if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) { bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest); } validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter); if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) { throw new BindException (binder.getBindingResult()); } } if (!parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute)) { attribute = binder.convertIfNecessary(binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter); } bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult(); } Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = bindingResult.getModel(); mavContainer.removeAttributes(bindingResultModel); mavContainer.addAllAttributes(bindingResultModel); return attribute; }
WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name); WebDataBinder :web数据绑定器,将请求参数的值绑定到指定的JavaBean里面 WebDataBinder 利用它里面的 Converters 将请求数据转成指定的数据类型。再次封装到JavaBean中
GenericConversionService:在设置每一个值的时候,找它里面的所有converter那个可以将这个数据类型(request带来参数的字符串)转换到指定的类型(JavaBean — Integer) byte — > file
@FunctionalInterfacepublic interface Converter
未来我们可以给WebDataBinder里面放自己的Converter;
private static final class StringToNumber implements Converter
自定义 Converter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 @Bean public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer () { return new WebMvcConfigurer () { @Override public void configurePathMatch (PathMatchConfigurer configurer) { UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper (); urlPathHelper.setRemoveSemicolonContent(false ); configurer.setUrlPathHelper(urlPathHelper); } @Override public void addFormatters (FormatterRegistry registry) { registry.addConverter(new Converter <String, Pet>() { @Override public Pet convert (String source) { if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(source)){ Pet pet = new Pet (); String[] split = source.split("," ); pet.setName(split[0 ]); pet.setAge(Integer.parseInt(split[1 ])); return pet; } return null ; } }); } }; }
目标方法执行完成 将所有的数据都放在 ModelAndViewContainer;包含要去的页面地址View。还包含Model数据。
处理派发结果 processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 InternalResourceView: @Override protected void renderMergedOutputModel ( Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request); exposeHelpers(request); String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(request, response); RequestDispatcher rd = getRequestDispatcher(request, dispatcherPath); if (rd == null ) { throw new ServletException ("Could not get RequestDispatcher for [" + getUrl() + "]: Check that the corresponding file exists within your web application archive!" ); } if (useInclude(request, response)) { response.setContentType(getContentType()); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Including [" + getUrl() + "]" ); } rd.include(request, response); } else { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Forwarding to [" + getUrl() + "]" ); } rd.forward(request, response); } }
1 2 exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes (Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { model.forEach((name, value) -> { if (value != null ) { request.setAttribute(name, value); } else { request.removeAttribute(name); } }); }
数据响应与内容协商 响应JSON jackson.jar+@ResponseBody 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > </dependency > # web场景自动引入了json场景 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId > <version > 2.3.4.RELEASE</version > <scope > compile</scope > </dependency >
给前端自动返回json数据
返回值解析器
1 2 3 4 try { this .returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue( returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest); }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 @Override public void handleReturnValue (@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception { HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler handler = selectHandler(returnValue, returnType); if (handler == null ) { throw new IllegalArgumentException ("Unknown return value type: " + returnType.getParameterType().getName()); } handler.handleReturnValue(returnValue, returnType, mavContainer, webRequest); }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor @Override public void handleReturnValue (@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException { mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true ); ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest); ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest); writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage); }
返回值解析器原理
返回值处理器判断是否支持这种类型返回值 supportsReturnType
返回值处理器调用 handleReturnValue 进行处理
RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor 可以处理返回值标了@ResponseBody 注解的。
利用 MessageConverters 进行处理 将数据写为json
内容协商(浏览器默认会以请求头的方式告诉服务器他能接受什么样的内容类型)
服务器最终根据自己自身的能力,决定服务器能生产出什么样内容类型的数据,
SpringMVC会挨个遍历所有容器底层的 HttpMessageConverter ,看谁能处理?
得到MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter可以将对象写为json
利用MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter将对象转为json再写出去。
SpringMVC到底支持哪些返回值 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ModelAndView Model View ResponseEntity ResponseBodyEmitter StreamingResponseBody HttpEntity HttpHeaders Callable DeferredResult ListenableFuture CompletionStage WebAsyncTask 有 @ModelAttribute 且为对象类型的 @ResponseBody 注解 ---> RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor;
HTTPMessageConverter原理 MessageConverter规范
HttpMessageConverter: 看是否支持将 此 Class类型的对象,转为MediaType类型的数据。 例子:Person对象转为JSON。或者 JSON转为Person
默认的MessageConverter
0 - 只支持Byte类型的 1 - String 2 - String 3 - Resource 4 - ResourceRegion 5 - DOMSource.class \ SAXSource.class) \ StAXSource.class \StreamSource.class \Source.class 6 - MultiValueMap 7 - true 8 - true 9 - 支持注解方式xml处理的。
最终 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 把对象转为JSON(利用底层的jackson的objectMapper转换的)
内容协商 引入xml依赖 1 2 3 4 <dependency > <groupId > com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId > <artifactId > jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId > </dependency >
postman分别测试返回json和xml 只需要改变请求头中Accept字段。Http协议中规定的,告诉服务器本客户端可以接收的数据类型。
开启浏览器参数方式内容协商功能 1 2 3 spring: contentnegotiation: favor-parameter: true
发请求: http://localhost:8080/test/person?format=json http://localhost:8080/test/person?format= xml
确定客户端接收什么样的内容类型:
Parameter策略优先确定是要返回json数据(获取请求头中的format的值)
最终进行内容协商返回给客户端json即可。
内容协商原理
判断当前响应头中是否已经有确定的媒体类型。MediaType
获取客户端(PostMan,浏览器)支持接收的内容类型。(获取客户端Accept请求头字段)【application/xml】
contentNegotiationManager 内容协商管理器 默认使用基于请求头的策略
HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy 确定客户端可以接收的内容类型
遍历循环所有当前系统的 MessageConverter,看谁支持操作这个对象(Person)
找到支持操作Person的converter,把converter支持的媒体类型统计出来。
客户端需要【application/xml】。服务端能力【10种,json,xml】
进行内容协商的最佳匹配媒体类型
用 支持 将对象转为 最佳匹配媒体类型 的converter。调用它进行转化 。
导入了jackson处理xml的包,xml的converter就会自动进来
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 WebMvcConfigurationSupport jackson2XmlPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlMapper" , classLoader);if (jackson2XmlPresent) { Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder = Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.xml(); if (this .applicationContext != null ) { builder.applicationContext(this .applicationContext); } messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter (builder.build())); }
自定义MessageConverter 实现多协议数据兼容。json,xml,x-guigu
@ResponseBody 响应数据出去 调用 RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor 处理
Processor 处理方法返回值。通过 MessageConverter 处理
所有 MessageConverter 合起来可以支持各种媒体类型数据的操作(读,写)
内容协商找到最终的 messageConverter;
SpringMVC的什么功能。一个入口给容器中添加一个 WebMvcConfigurer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @Bean public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer () { return new WebMvcConfigurer () { @Override public void extendMessageConverters (List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {} } }
视图解析与模板引擎 视图解析:SpringBoot默认不支持 JSP,需要引入第三方模板引擎技术实现页面渲染。
视图解析 视图解析原理流程
目标方法处理的过程中,所有数据都会被放在 ModelAndViewContainer 里面。包括数据和视图地址
方法的参数是一个自定义类型对象(从请求参数中确定的),把他重新放在 ModelAndViewContainer
任何目标方法执行完成以后都会返回 ModelAndView(数据和视图地址)。
processDispatchResult 处理派发结果(页面改如何响应)
render(mv, request, response); 进行页面渲染逻辑
根据方法的String返回值得到 View 对象【定义了页面的渲染逻辑】
所有的视图解析器尝试是否能根据当前返回值得到View对象
得到了 redirect:/main.html —> Thymeleaf new RedirectView()
ContentNegotiationViewResolver 里面包含了下面所有的视图解析器,内部还是利用下面所有视图解析器得到视图对象。
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response); 视图对象调用自定义的render进行页面渲染工作
RedirectView 如何渲染【重定向到一个页面】
获取目标url地址
response.sendRedirect(encodedURL);
视图解析
返回值以 forward: 开始: new InternalResourceView(forwardUrl); —> 转发request.getRequestDispatcher(path).forward(request, response)
返回值以 redirect: 开始: new RedirectView() —》 render就是重定向
返回值是普通字符串: new ThymeleafView()—-> 自定义视图解析器+自定义视图
模板引擎-Thymeleaf thymeleaf简介 Thymeleaf is a modern server-side Java template engine for both web and standalone environments, capable of processing HTML, XML, JavaScript, CSS and even plain text. 现代化,服务端Java模板引擎
基本语法 表达式
表达式名字
语法
用途
变量取值
${…}
获取请求域,session域,对象等值
选择变量
*{…}
获取上下文对象值
消息
#{…}
获取国际化等值
链接
@{…}
生成链接
片段表达式
~{…}
jsp:include 作用,引入公共页面片段
字面量
文本值: ‘one text’ , ‘Another one!’ ,…数字: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…布尔值: true , false 空值: null 变量: one,two,…. 变量不能有空格
文本操作
字符串拼接: + 变量替换: |The name is ${name}|
数学运算
运算符: + , - , * , / , %
布尔运算
运算符: and , or 一元运算: ! , not
比较运算
比较: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )等式: == , != ( eq , ne )
条件运算
If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
特殊操作
无操作: _
设置属性值-th:attr 设置单个值
1 2 3 4 5 6 <form action ="subscribe.html" th:attr ="action=@{/subscribe}" > <fieldset > <input type ="text" name ="email" /> <input type ="submit" value ="Subscribe!" th:attr ="value=#{subscribe.submit}" /> </fieldset > </form >
设置多个值
1 <img src ="../../images/gtvglogo.png" th:attr ="src=@{/images/gtvglogo.png},title=#{logo},alt=#{logo}" />
以上两个的代替写法 th:xxxx
1 2 <input type ="submit" value ="Subscribe!" th:value ="#{subscribe.submit}" /> <form action ="subscribe.html" th:action ="@{/subscribe}" >
所有h5兼容的标签写法
https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html#setting-value-to-specific-attributes
迭代 1 2 3 4 5 <tr th:each ="prod : ${prods}" > <td th:text ="${prod.name}" > Onions</td > <td th:text ="${prod.price}" > 2.41</td > <td th:text ="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}" > yes</td > </tr >
1 2 3 4 5 <tr th:each ="prod,iterStat : ${prods}" th:class ="${iterStat.odd}? 'odd'" > <td th:text ="${prod.name}" > Onions</td > <td th:text ="${prod.price}" > 2.41</td > <td th:text ="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}" > yes</td > </tr >
thymeleaf使用 引入Starter 1 2 3 4 <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>
自动配置好了thymeleaf 1 2 3 4 5 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @EnableConfigurationProperties(ThymeleafProperties.class) @ConditionalOnClass({ TemplateMode.class, SpringTemplateEngine.class }) @AutoConfigureAfter({ WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class, WebFluxAutoConfiguration.class }) public class ThymeleafAutoConfiguration { }
自动配好的策略
所有thymeleaf的配置值都在 ThymeleafProperties
配置好了 SpringTemplateEngine
配好了 ThymeleafViewResolver
我们只需要直接开发页面
1 2 public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/" ;public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html" ;
页面开发 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" > <head > <meta charset ="UTF-8" > <title > Title</title > </head > <body > <h1 th:text ="${msg}" > 哈哈</h1 > <h2 > <a href ="www.atguigu.com" th:href ="${link}" > 去百度</a > <br /> <a href ="www.atguigu.com" th:href ="@{link}" > 去百度2</a > </h2 > </body > </html >
构建后台管理系统 项目创建 thymeleaf,web-starter,devtools,lombok
静态资源处理 自动配置好,我们只需要把所有静态资源放到 static 文件夹下
路径构建 th:action=”@{/login}”
模板抽取 th:insert/replace/include
页面跳转 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @PostMapping("/login") public String main (User user, HttpSession session, Model model) { if (StringUtils.hasLength(user.getUserName()) && "123456" .equals(user.getPassword())){ session.setAttribute("loginUser" ,user); return "redirect:/main.html" ; } else { model.addAttribute("msg" ,"账号密码错误" ); return "login" ; } }
数据渲染 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @GetMapping("/dynamic_table") public String dynamic_table (Model model) { List<User> users = Arrays.asList(new User ("zhangsan" , "123456" ), new User ("lisi" , "123444" ), new User ("haha" , "aaaaa" ), new User ("hehe " , "aaddd" )); model.addAttribute("users" ,users); return "table/dynamic_table" ; }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 <table class ="display table table-bordered" id ="hidden-table-info" > <thead > <tr > <th > #</th > <th > 用户名</th > <th > 密码</th > </tr > </thead > <tbody > <tr class ="gradeX" th:each ="user,stats:${users}" > <td th:text ="${stats.count}" > Trident</td > <td th:text ="${user.userName}" > Internet</td > <td > [[${user.password}]]</td > </tr > </tbody > </table >
拦截器 HandlerInterceptor 接口 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 @Slf4j public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); log.info("preHandle拦截的请求路径是{}" ,requestURI); HttpSession session = request.getSession(); Object loginUser = session.getAttribute("loginUser" ); if (loginUser != null ){ return true ; } request.setAttribute("msg" ,"请先登录" ); request.getRequestDispatcher("/" ).forward(request,response); return false ; } @Override public void postHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { log.info("postHandle执行{}" ,modelAndView); } @Override public void afterCompletion (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { log.info("afterCompletion执行异常{}" ,ex); } }
配置拦截器 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @Configuration public class AdminWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addInterceptors (InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(new LoginInterceptor ()) .addPathPatterns("/**" ) .excludePathPatterns("/" ,"/login" ,"/css/**" ,"/fonts/**" ,"/images/**" ,"/js/**" ); } }
拦截器原理
根据当前请求,找到HandlerExecutionChain【可以处理请求的handler以及handler的所有 拦截器】
先来顺序执行 所有拦截器的 preHandle方法
如果当前拦截器prehandler返回为true。则执行下一个拦截器的preHandle
如果当前拦截器返回为false。直接 倒序执行所有已经执行了的拦截器的 afterCompletion;
如果任何一个拦截器返回false。直接跳出不执行目标方法
所有拦截器都返回True。执行目标方法
倒序执行所有拦截器的postHandle方法。
前面的步骤有任何异常都会直接倒序触发 afterCompletion
页面成功渲染完成以后,也会倒序触发 afterCompletion
文件上传 页面表单 1 2 3 4 <form method ="post" action ="/upload" enctype ="multipart/form-data" > <input type ="file" name ="file" > <br > <input type ="submit" value ="提交" > </form >
文件上传代码 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 @PostMapping("/upload") public String upload (@RequestParam("email") String email, @RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestPart("headerImg") MultipartFile headerImg, @RequestPart("photos") MultipartFile[] photos) throws IOException { log.info("上传的信息:email={},username={},headerImg={},photos={}" , email,username,headerImg.getSize(),photos.length); if (!headerImg.isEmpty()){ String originalFilename = headerImg.getOriginalFilename(); headerImg.transferTo(new File ("H:\\cache\\" +originalFilename)); } if (photos.length > 0 ){ for (MultipartFile photo : photos) { if (!photo.isEmpty()){ String originalFilename = photo.getOriginalFilename(); photo.transferTo(new File ("H:\\cache\\" +originalFilename)); } } } return "main" ; }
自动配置原理
文件上传自动配置类-MultipartAutoConfiguration-MultipartProperties
自动配置好了 StandardServletMultipartResolver 【文件上传解析器】
原理步骤
请求进来使用文件上传解析器判断(isMultipart)并封装(resolveMultipart,返回MultipartHttpServletRequest)文件上传请求
参数解析器来解析请求中的文件内容封装成MultipartFile
将request中文件信息封装为一个Map;MultiValueMap
FileCopyUtils实现文件流的拷贝
1 2 3 4 5 @PostMapping("/upload") public String upload (@RequestParam("email") String email, @RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestPart("headerImg") MultipartFile headerImg, @RequestPart("photos") MultipartFile[] photos)
异常处理 错误处理
默认情况下,Spring Boot提供/error处理所有错误的映射
对于机器客户端,它将生成JSON响应,其中包含错误,HTTP状态和异常消息的详细信息。对于浏览器客户端,响应一个“ whitelabel”错误视图,以HTML格式呈现相同的数据
要对其进行自定义,添加View解析为error
要完全替换默认行为,可以实现 ErrorController 并注册该类型的Bean定义,或添加ErrorAttributes类型的组件以使用现有机制但替换其内容。
error/下的4xx,5xx页面会被自动解析
Web原生组件注入(Servlet,Filter,Listener)
使用Servlet API @ServletComponentScan(basePackages = “com.atguigu.admin”) :指定原生Servlet组件都放在那里 @WebServlet(urlPatterns = “/my”):效果:直接响应,没有经过Spring的拦截器? @WebFilter(urlPatterns={“/css/“,”/images/ “}) @WebListener
使用RegistrationBean ServletRegistrationBean, FilterRegistrationBean, and ServletListenerRegistrationBean
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 @Configuration public class MyRegistConfig { @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet () { MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet (); return new ServletRegistrationBean (myServlet,"/my" ,"/my02" ); } @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter () { MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter (); FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean (myFilter); filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/my" ,"/css/*" )); return filterRegistrationBean; } @Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener () { MySwervletContextListener mySwervletContextListener = new MySwervletContextListener (); return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean (mySwervletContextListener); } }
嵌入式Servlet容器 切换嵌入式Servlet容器
默认支持的webServer
Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow
ServletWebServerApplicationContext 容器启动寻找ServletWebServerFactory 并引导创建服务器
切换服务器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId > <exclusions > <exclusion > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId > </exclusion > </exclusions > </dependency >
原理
SpringBoot应用启动发现当前是Web应用。web场景包-导入tomcat
web应用会创建一个web版的ioc容器 ServletWebServerApplicationContext
ServletWebServerApplicationContext 启动的时候寻找 ServletWebServerFactory(Servlet 的web服务器工厂—-> Servlet 的web服务器)
SpringBoot底层默认有很多的WebServer工厂;TomcatServletWebServerFactory, JettyServletWebServerFactory, or UndertowServletWebServerFactory
底层直接会有一个自动配置类。ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration
ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration导入了ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration(配置类)
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration 配置类 根据动态判断系统中到底导入了那个Web服务器的包。(默认是web-starter导入tomcat包),容器中就有 TomcatServletWebServerFactory
TomcatServletWebServerFactory 创建出Tomcat服务器并启动;TomcatWebServer 的构造器拥有初始化方法initialize—-this.tomcat.start();
内嵌服务器,就是手动把启动服务器的代码调用(tomcat核心jar包存在)
数据访问